System of electrical distribution.



NQ. 584,6I2. Patentedvct. I5, I9I. C. il. A. MICHALKE.

SYSTEM 0F ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

(Application led Dec. 31. 1897.)

(No Mo'del.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL JOSEPH AUGUST MICHALKE, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TOSIEMENS du IIALSKE ELECTRIC COMPANY OF AMERICA, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ACORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

SYSTEM oF ELCTRICAI. DISTRIBUTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 684,612, dated October1 5, 1901. Application filed December 3l, 189i. Serial No. 665,185. (Nomodel.)

Td @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL JOSEPH AGUsT MCHALKE, a subject of the Emperorof Ger- Inany, residing at Charlottenburg, Germany, have invented newand useful Improvements in Systems of Electrical Distribution, (Case No.13st,) of which the following is a specification, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution, and has forits object to provide an improved Ineans for transmitting synchronousmotion from one point to another situated at a greater or less distancetherefrom in such a Inanner that a determined movement at one point maybe accurately reproduced at a distant point.

In my application, Serial No. 665,184, tiled December 3l, 1897, I haveshown a s vstem for transmitting a synchronous motion over longdistances in which dynamo-electric machines are used for both thetransmitting and the receiving devices, any movement of the transmittingdevice causing la corresponding Inovement of the movable element of thereceiving device. A

In my present application I provide a system for the transmission ofmotion in which one of the sets of windings of a dynamo-electricmachine, constituting the receiving device, is supplied with currentfrom a subdivided source of multiphase current through a switchingdevice which operates to so vary the connections between the subdividedsource and the winding on the receiving device that the field producedthereby will be shifted in phase by a predetermined amount whenever thecontacts of theswitching device are shifted by a determined amount.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in Which-Figure 1 is a View of a system embodying my invention, the circuitarrangements being shown in diagram; and Fig. 2 is a diagramillustrating the manner in which the electromotive forces of thesubdivided source are compounded in order to produce the required phaseshifting of the field in one of the members of the receiving device.

In the drawings, P indicates a source oi multiphase current which isconnected to the winding on the movable elementot' a dynamoelectricmachine S, constituting the receiving' device, the connection being madethrough the sliding contacts s" s2 S5. This same source also suppliescurrent tothe transforming device T. In order to facilitate theexplanation, the transformer is illustrated as having but a singlewinding, to which both the primary and secondary leads are conuected.The transformer therefore transforms the tension in proportion to thesections of the windings included, respectively, in the primary andsecondary circuits. Separate primary and secondary windings may,however, be employed, if desired. The windings T TQT3 of thetransforming device are each divided into a number of sections, the endsof the sections of the winding T being connected to the terminals a a2a3 at, the ends of the sections of the winding T2 to the terminals h b2b3 b4, and the ends of the sections ofthe winding T3 to the terminals cc2 c3 el. A switching device U is provided for controlling the admissionof the transformed currents to the winding on the stationary elementofthereceivingdevice. In the particular embodiment illustrated in thedrawings this switching device is provided with anoutercontact-ringdivided into twentyfour segments of equal size, thesegments being connected, respectively, with the terminals of thetransformer T. The terminals are marked with letters corresponding tothe terminals of the transformer to which the same are connected. Inaddition to the divided ring there are six contact-rings 7L hgh? 7L h57L, which are connected by conductors to the terminals 2J to 196 of thewinding on the stationary part of the machine S. Arranged to move overthe rings and segments is a series of six contact-arms K toK, of whichthe two opposite arms in each case belong to the same circuit. Each armis provided with separated contacts, between which is interposed aresistance 1V, whereby the short-circuiting of the circuits is preventedduring the operation of the switch. The zero-point o of the transformingdevice is connected to g esame the segments o 0 o of the switchingdevice. The segments of the outer ring of the switching device arearranged at fifteen degrees apart, and the circuit connections are suchthat any shifting of the contacts from one position to that nextadjoining will operate to shift the position of the resultant fieldgenerated in the fixed member of the receiving device by a similaramount and will thereby cause the movable part of the receiving deviceto shift through the same or a similar angle. If the subdivisions of theseveral windings of the transforming device are suitably determinedarithmetically or graphically, a shifting of the phase may be obtainedat each step without changing the amplitude of the currents. In Fig. 1of the drawings the contact-arms of the switching device are in such aposition that the contacts on the first pair of arms K K4 connect one ofthe circuits on the fixed member of the receiving device to thetransformer-terminals a and o, the contacts on the second pair of armsconnect the second circuit on the fixed member of the receiving devicewith the transformer-terminals b4 and 0,' and the contacts on the thirdpair of arms connect the third circuit on the fixed member of thereceiving device to the transformer-terminals cA1 and 0. The fixedmember is thus supplied through the transforming device with inultiphasecurrent of the same character and frequency as that supplied from thesource directly to the winding of the rotating member. If theconnections to the windings on the two members are similar, the actionof the currents flowing therein will be such as to produce fieldsrotating in the same direction and at the same speed in both members,and the two members will assume such a relative position that theserotating fields will be coincident.

f now the movable member of the switching device is turnedcontra-cloclwise fifteen degrees from the position illustrated until thecontacts of the first pair of arms pass onto the contacts a3 b', thecontacts of the second pair of arms onto the contacts UE c', and theconfacts of the third pair of arms onto the confacts c3 cd, the phasesof the potentials impressed upon the terminals ofthe winding on thefixed member of the receiving device will be shifted by a correspondingamount, and

l as a result the field of the stationary member of the receiving devicewill be shifted by fifteen degrees, (if the winding is bipolar,) thuscausing the movable part to move through the saine angle.

The operation will be rendered clear by an inspection of the diagram inFig. 2, which indicates the phase relation and magnitude of theelectromotive forces generated at the secondary terminals of thetransformer T. In this diagram the lines O A4, O B4, and O C'l representin magnitude and phase relation the electrometive forces generated inthe three sections T, "2, and T3 of the transformerwinding, while thesubdivisions of these lilies indicate the potentials generated in thevarious sections in the winding of each phase. Thus the line O Aindicates, both in phase and magnitude, the potential between thezero-point Ao and the secondary terminal to which the lead a/ isconnected, the line O A2 the potential between the Zero-point and the'secondary terminal to which the lead a2 is connected, and so on. Whenthe switching device is in the position shown in the drawings,` thetransformer-terminals o a, 0 b4, and o c1 are connected each in aseparate circuit to the winding on the fixed member of the receivingdevice, the potentials impressed upon the several circuits of thiswinding having the phase relation indicated by the lines O AI1 O13 1 OCi. The currents produced thereby operate to generate a rotating` fieldor line of polariza-v tion in a manner weil understood in the art, theposition of the rotating field at any one instant being dependent uponthe phases of the potentials impressed upon the said windings. Vhen,however, the switching device is r0- tated contra-clockwise over thespace of one segment, the connections are so changed that the circuitwhich before was connected across the terminals o a* of the transformeris new connected across the terminals a3 o and the circuit which beforewas connected across the terminals U10 is now connected across theterminals b3 c', the remaining circuit, which before was connectedacross the transformerterminals cAL o, nowr being connected across theterminals c3 h'. This means that the winding which was formerly suppliedwith the pod tential O AA1 is now supplied with a potential O A3 inseries with a potential O B' and that the winding which was formerlysupplied with a potential O Bl is new supplied with a potential O inseries with a potential O G/ and that the winding which before wassupplied with a potential O C lis now supplied with a potential O C3 inseries with a potential O A. Referring now to the diagram, Fig. 2, itwill be seen that the resultant of the potentials O A3' i and O B/ isrepresented by the line OD, which is shifted by fifteen degrees behindthe line O A4.' Similarly, the potential across each of the other twowindings is represented by a line which is shifted by fifteen degreesbehind the line O Bt and O C". A movement of the switching device byanother 'fifteen degrees connects the first circuit of the receivingdevice across the terminals a b2 of the transformer, thereby againshifting the phase of the potential of the transformer intoV theposition represented by the line O E in Fig. 2, this line representingthe resultant of the potentials O A2 and O B2. A movement by anotherfifteen degrees connects the first circuit to the terminals a b3 of thetransformer and again shifts the poten tial at the terminals of thiswinding, as represented by the line O F in Fig. 2. A movement by anotherfifteen degrees connects the terminals of the first circuit to theterminals o tf1 of the transformer, thus shifting the potential by IIOanother Iifteen degrees, as represented by the line O G in Fig. 2, andso on for each of the successive positions of the switching device.

The shifting of the phase of the several potentials of the multiphasesystem operates to produce a similar shifting of the [ield generated inthe stationary member of the receiving device, and this shifting of thephase of the field in one member causes a relative movement between thetwo members until the two fields are again brought into coincidence.

The employment of my system permits long-distance transmission ofarbitrary movements through any distance desired and with any power thatis desired. If the contactarms of the switching device be turnedmechanically at any number of revolutions, the movable element of thereceiving device follows with the same number of revolutionsin the samedirection. Vith this arrangement slight power is required at the switchto impart any desired movement to the distant motor, since only thefriction of the contactbrushes of the switch has to be overcome. Insteadof the single apparatus or motor a number of motors may be employedconnected in parallel or in series, and the same movements may beimparted to all of the motors by means of the one switch. It isdesirable that the tensions generated at p 292193 19295196- from theprimary machine P through induction from the movable part of the motor Sshould equalize, as nearly as possible, the tensions generated by thetransformer at the same terminals.

IVhile I have'herein shown and particularly described one embodiment ofmy invention, I do not wish to limit myself to the precise constructionand arrangement herein shown, as modifications thereof may readily bemade by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

l. In a system of alternating-current distribution, the combination witha source of alternating current, of a dynamo-electric machine providedwith two sets of windings, one of the said windings receiving itscurrent from the said source, a transformer provided with fixed coilsinterposed between the second aforesaid set of windings and the sourceof current, and means whereby the relative connections between the saidtransformer and the said second set of windings are varied,substantially as described.

2. In an alternating-current system of distribution, the combinationwith a dynamoelectric machine provided with two sets of windings one setbeing directly energized by the said source of current, a transformeralso receiving its current from the said source, the second aforesaidset of windings receiving their current through the agency of the saidtransformer, and a switching means for connecting the said second. setof windings alternatively with points of different potential upon thecoils of the said transformer, substantially as described.

3. In an alternating-current system of distribution7 the combinationwith a source of alternating current, of a dynamo-electric machineprovided with two sets of windings, one of the said sets of windingsreceiving its current directly from the said source of current, atransformer interposed between the second aforesaid sets of windings andthe said source of current, and means for changing the phase of thepressure impressed upon the second set of windings through the agency ofthe said transformer, substantially as described.

et. In an alternating-current system of distribution, the combinationwith a source of alternating current, of a dynamo-electric machineprovided with two sets of windings, one of the said windings receivingcurrent directly from the said source, a transformer provided withenergizing-coils also receiving their current from the said source, anda switching means interposed between the coils of the said transformerand the second set of windings of the motor, whereby the phase of thepressure im pressed upon the said second set of windings is varied forthe purpose of creating in the said motor a movement corresponding tothe movement of the switching means, substantially as described.

5. In an alternating-current system of distribution, the combinationwith a source of alternating current, of a dynamo-electric machineprovided with two sets of windings, one of the said windings receivingcurrent directly from the said source, a transformer provided with coilsalso receiving their current from the said source, a switching meanshaving contact-points respectively connected with points of differentpotential upon the coils of the said transformer, interposed between thecoils of the said transformer and the second set of windings of themotor, and a movable-switch portion for changing the phase of thepressure impressed upon the said second set of windings for the purposeof creating in the said motor a motion corresponding to the movableswitch-arm, substantially as described.

6. A means for transmitting a determined movement to a distant point,comprising, in combination, a receiving device having relatively movablemembers, both of which are provided with multipliase windings, a sourceof multiphase current connected to the windings on one of said members,a subdivided source of multiphase current of the same frequencysimilarly connected to the winding on the other member, and a switchingdevice for varying the connections between said winding and the saidsubdivided source.

7. A. means for transmitting a determined movement to a distant point,comprising, in combination, a receiving device having relatively movablemembers both of which are provided with multiphase windings, connec- IOOIIC

tions from one of said windings to said source, a multiphasetransforming device, having a plurality of secondary terminals for eachphase, connected to the same source, and a switching device forconnecting said terminals in different combinations tothe winding on theother member of said machine.

S. A means for transmitting a determined movement to a distant point,comprising, in combination, a receiving device having relatively movablemembers, both of which are provided with multipliase windings, a sourceof multiphase current connected to the winding on one of said members, asubdivided source of multiphase current of the same frequency similarlyconnected to the winding on the other member, and a transmitting deviceconstructed and arranged to vary the connections between the latterwinding and the subdivided source in such a manner as to shift thephases of the current su pplied to the said winding.

9. A means for transmitting a determined movement to a distant point,comprising, in combination, a receiving device having relatively movablemembers, both of which are provided with multiphase windings, a sourceof multiphase current connected to the winding on one ot said members, asubdivided source of multiphase current ofthe same frequency similarlyconnected to the winding on the other member, and a transmitting deviceconstructed and arranged to vary the connections between the latterwinding and the subdivided source in such a manner as to simultaneouslyand similarly shift the phases ot' the current supplied to the saidwinding.

10. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine, a means for producingsimilarly-rotating iields in the relatively movable members of saidmachine, and a switching device in coperative relation to one of saidmeans, said switching device being constructed and arranged to shift, bya predetermined amount, the phase of the rotating iield in one memberwith respect to that in the other member.

11. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine having relatively movablemembers, means for producing a rotating field in one ot said members, asubdivided source of multiphase current connected to a winding on theother member and producing in said member a field rotating at the samerate as that in the other member, and means for changing the connectionsbetween said winding and said subdivided source in such a manner as toproduce a predetermined phase displacement ot' the said fields.

12. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine having relatively movablemembers, both of which are provided with multiphase windings, a sourceof multiphase current connected to the winding on one of said members, asubdivided source of multipliase current similarly connected to thewinding on the other member, and a switching device constructed andarranged to vary the connec- 'esame tions between the subdivided sourceand the winding to which it is connected, in such a manner as to producea predetermined phase displacement between the magnetic fields generatedin said members.

13. In combination, a dynamo-electric niachine having relatively movablemembers, both of which are provided with multiphase windings, a sourceof multipliase current counected tothe winding on one of said members, asubdivided source ot multiphase current having a series of terminals foreach phase, and a switching device constructed and arranged to vary theconnections between said terminals and the winding` on the other memberof the dynamo-electric machine in such a manner as to produce apredetermined phase displacement of the magnetic i'ields generated inthe relatively movable members ol the dynamo-electric machine upon apredetermined movement of the said switching device.

1t. A dynamo-electric machine, both members of which are provided withinultiphase windings, a source of multiphase current connected to thewinding on one of said members, a multiphase transforming device, havinga plurality of secondary terminals for each phase, connected to the samesource, and a switch for connecting said terminals in differentcombinations to the winding on the other member of said machine.

15. A dynamo-electric machine, both members of which are provided withmultiphase windings, a source of multiphase current connected tothewinding on one of said members, a mnltiphase transforming device, havinga plurality of secondary terminals for each phase, connected to the samesource, and a switch, the contacts of which, in certain of: itspositions, connect the windings for each separate phase of thetransformer across the terminals of a corresponding winding on the othermember et said machine and, in other of its positions, connect portionsof the windings for different phases in series with one another acrossthe same terminals.

16. In combination, a dynamo-electric machine, both members ot which areprovided with multiphase windings, a source of multiphase current, leadsconnecting the winding on one of the members of said machine to saidsource, a multiphase transforming device, having a series of terminalsfor each phase, connected to said source, a switching deviceforsuccessively connecting the said terminals in different combinationsto the winding on the other member of the said machine, in such a manneras to produce a successive shifting in the phases of the currentsupplied to the winding on said member.

In testimony whereof l atiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

CARL JOSEPH AUGUST MlCllAhlill.

tVitnesses:

JOHANNES Gonens, PAUL Ronnrenn.

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